Anandu Aman

Abstract The number of US breaches reported publicly for all levels of government between 2005 and mid-2016 was 314 with at least 148,491,010 records (not individuals) compromised. In spite of a decade of work to break down bureaucratic silos between agencies, partly in support of eGovernment initiatives, the standard of care over digital assets is not uniform either vertically (at multiple layers of government) or horizontally (across government service or functional categories). Meanwhile, agencies are often dependent upon external contractors that may not follow best practices for information asset protection (e.g., contractors implicated in the successful exploit against the US OPM, publicized in 2015). This extends the security chain, increasing the possibility for exploitation of a weak link. From a hacker’s perspective, confusion at jurisdictional boundaries offers attack opportunities throughout the chain. New uses for WAPs supporting smart transporta...

Abstract Wireless access points—whether fixed, mobile, or hybrid—have proliferated in the 21st century. Using them responsibly is essential to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our communications content and networks. Successful communication over wireless devices relies on common understanding about the processes or layers involved in interconnection, defined as the open systems interconnection reference model. It also relies on agreement over the rules of engagement, which correspond generally to the way we negotiate the spoken or written language rules: the allocation of radio spectrum frequency bands, identification of devices sending or receiving communications, message packet formation and syntax, and so forth. A number of standards the organizations operate at the global, country, and industry-specific levels. The organizations with particular significance for wireless communications are discussed here, in addition to the fami...